Which term describes the unique sound quality of a musical instrument or voice?

The term that describes the unique sound quality of a musical instrument or voice is timbre. Timbre refers to the characteristics of sound that allow us to distinguish between different sources, even when they produce the same pitch and loudness. For instance, a piano and a violin can play the same note, but they sound distinct due to their unique timbral qualities.

Harmony refers to the combination of simultaneously sounded musical notes to produce chords, while texture is about how many layers of sound are heard at once, and how they interact. Melody refers to a sequence of notes that are musically satisfying and is often the main theme of a piece of music. Understanding timbre helps deepen one’s appreciation of music by allowing listeners to identify and enjoy the different qualities that instruments and voices bring to a musical performance.