Which period does the late Middle Ages encompass?

The late Middle Ages is generally defined as a historical period that occurred roughly from the 13th century to the early 15th century. This era is characterized by significant developments in music, art, and culture that laid the foundation for the subsequent Renaissance period. The Romanesque period aligns with much of the early Middle Ages, but the late Middle Ages encompasses a time of increasing complexity in musical forms, the emergence of polyphony, and advancements in notation that were pivotal for music's evolution.

The other periods listed—Baroque, Classical, and Romantic—occurred after the Middle Ages, each representing distinct musical styles and characteristics. The Baroque period followed the late Middle Ages from the early 1600s to the mid-1700s. The Classical period emerged in the late 18th century, introducing clarity and structured forms. The Romantic period came next, flourishing in the 19th century, focusing on emotional expression and individualism in music. Therefore, the correct association of the late Middle Ages is with the Romanesque period, highlighting the growth of musical traditions that were reflective of the culture in that time.