Which of these terms is associated with a multi-movement orchestral piece?

The term that is associated with a multi-movement orchestral piece is "symphony." A symphony typically consists of several contrasting movements, often structured in a specific form that includes an exposition, development, and recapitulation, particularly in the first movement. This format allows for a rich exploration of themes and orchestral color, showcasing the capabilities of the orchestra as a cohesive unit.

Symphonies generally include four movements with varying tempos: a fast opening movement, a slower second movement, a minuet or scherzo as the third, and a lively finale. This structured approach provides composers with the opportunity to develop intricate musical ideas over the course of the entire work, which is what distinguishes the symphonic form from other types of orchestral compositions, such as the concerto, which focuses on a solo instrument with orchestral accompaniment rather than multi-movement complexity.

In contrast, terms like ballad and intermezzo denote different genres or forms within music, with ballads typically representing a narrative song format and intermezzo being a short, intervening piece often used as a break in larger works or performances. Hence, the symphony aptly fulfills the description of a multi-movement orchestral piece.