Which of the following best encapsulates the music from the ars nova period?

The music from the ars nova period, which flourished in the 14th century, is characterized by greater refinement and increased complexity compared to earlier musical styles. This period saw the development of new rhythmic structures, more intricate polyphony, and a broader exploration of musical expressions and forms. Composers began to utilize more diverse textures and harmonies, moving away from the simpler forms of the preceding medieval period.

The innovations in notation allowed for greater precision in rhythm and pitch, resulting in music that was not only technically advanced but also more expressive. This transformation laid the groundwork for future developments in Western music, making it clear that the ars nova period was pivotal in the evolution of musical complexity.

By focusing on these aspects, the chosen answer effectively highlights how the music of this era reflects a significant advancement in artistic expression compared to earlier periods, marking it as more refined and complex.