What is "counterpoint"?

Counterpoint refers to the relationship between musical voices that are harmonically interdependent yet independently moving in rhythm and contour. This means that in counterpoint, different melodic lines interact with each other, maintaining their individuality while contributing to a cohesive harmonic structure.

The concept is a key principle in Western music, particularly during the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Composers like J.S. Bach are renowned for their mastery of counterpoint, where multiple melodies weave together in a complex yet harmonious tapestry. Each voice in a contrapuntal composition is distinct, having its own melodic shape and rhythm, which allows for rich textural complexity while still adhering to harmonic rules.

The focus on independence in rhythm and contour distinguishes counterpoint from other musical arrangements that might rely heavily on a single melody or simple harmonic support. Understanding this concept is crucial for analyzing and composing music that features multiple independent lines, demonstrating the intricate balance of harmony and melody within a piece.