What is a symphony?

A symphony is best defined as a lengthy orchestral composition that is typically structured in four movements. This format allows for a rich exploration of musical themes and ideas, often showcasing the full capabilities of the orchestra. The traditional layout of a symphony usually includes an opening movement in sonata form, a slow second movement, a lively third movement, often in a dance style like a minuet or scherzo, and a final movement that brings the work to a vigorous conclusion.

Understanding this structure is essential because it highlights the symphony's role in the Western classical music tradition, where it serves as a concert staple and a vehicle for composers to express complex musical narratives and emotions. Each movement serves a purpose—developing themes, contrasting moods, and contributing to a cohesive whole—all significant elements of symphonic writing that distinguish it from other forms of music, such as brief works or vocal compositions.