What genre did the motet evolve from in the Middle Ages?

The motet evolved primarily from monophonic chant, specifically Gregorian chant, which was the predominant form of sacred music during the Middle Ages. While the motet later incorporated polyphonic textures and often included sacred texts set to music, its roots lie in the organum, a form of early polyphony that embellished plainchant melodies.

The development of the motet was influenced significantly by secular vocal genres as well, as composers began to incorporate elements from both sacred and secular traditions, particularly as music started to evolve during the late Middle Ages. However, it is more accurate to trace its direct lineage back to monophonic chant rather than primarily to secular vocal forms, which came later as the genre evolved. This transition reflects the broader shift in music from purely monophonic styles to more complex polyphonic structures that would characterize the Renaissance, but ultimately, Gregorian chant remains a central precursor to the motet genre.

Overall, understanding the motet's evolution highlights the significant role that monophonic chant played in shaping early Western music traditions.